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The Victoria history of the county of Cornwall, England
VOLUME I
The antiquities of Cornwall are of such extreme interest that they have to a large extent absorbed the attention of the antiquaries and archaeologists of the county, causing the history of the county to be somewhat neglected. Cornwall has nevertheless had its share of county historians, first among whom is Richard Carew, of Antony, who published his quaint and entertaining Survey of Cornwall in 1602. It is, however, to Dr. William Borlase that we turn as the principal historian of the county. His interests at first were given to natural history, but later in life he devoted most of his attention to archaeology. In 1774 he published the first edition of his Cornish Antiquities, which, although many of his deductions are by later study shown to be erroneous, is the foundation of archaeological research in the county. In his declining years he planned a parochial history of Cornwall, which, however, was never published.
The Reverend Richard Polwhele published the first part of his History of Cornwall in 1803, in which he gives a general survey of the county, but with little detail as to parochial history.
In 1838 Davies Gilbert, who had changed his name from Giddy, published 'The Parochial History of Cornwall in four volumes. This was founded upon The Complete History of Cornwall by William Hals, a work that was never finished, and the manuscript 'History of Cornwall' by Thomas Tonkin, which had come into the possession of Lord de Dunstanville. Gilbert's work only gives notes about the parishes in the county without any attempt to trace the descents of the manors.
Many histories of separate parishes and districts in Cornwall have been written, the most noteworthy of which has been the History of Trigg Minor by Sir John Maclean, and the Royal Institution of Cornwall has done some excellent work towards the study of the history and archaeology of the county.
Table of Contents
Dedication v
The Advisory Council of the Victoria History vii
General Advertisement vii
The Cornwall County Committee xiii
Contents xv
List of Illustrations xvii
Preface xxi
Table of Abbreviations xxiii
Natural History
Geology 1
Palaeontology 47
Botany
Introduction 49
Summary of Orders 55
Botanical Districts 56
Brambles (Rubi) 71
Menthae 72
Filices, etc. 73
Mosses (Musci) 74
Liverworts (Hepaticae) 79
Marine Algae 81
Frashwater Algae 90
Lichens (Lichenes) 98
Fungi 106
Zoology
Marine 113
Non-Marine Molluscs 160
Insects
Introduction 163
Aptera (Spring-tails and Bristle-tails) 166
Orthoptera (Earwigs, Grasshoppers, etc.) 166
Neuroptera (Dragon-flies, Lace-wings, etc.) 169
Hymenoptera Phytophaga {Saw-flies, etc.) 173
Cynipidae (Gall-flies) 176
Entomophaga (Ichneumon-flies) 176
Braconidae 180
Chrysididae (Ruby-wasps) 181
Hymenoptera Aculeata (Ants, Wasps, and Bees) 181
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VOLUME II - Religious History to 1560
The Victoria History of the Counties of England, usually known as the Victoria County History (VCH), is a national project originating in 1899 to publish a detailed history of every English county, encompassing general topics and individual towns and parishes. The first volume of the History of Cornwall was published in 1906, and two more sections of a volume appeared subsequently. This present volume is the result of a revival of the History of Cornwall in 2002 as a collaboration between the central organization of the Victoria County History, the University of Exeter, and a supporting group in Cornwall: the Victoria County History of Cornwall Trust. The research for the volume has been funded by the Trust and the University, while the Heritage Lottery Fund has supported an associated project, 'England's Past for Everyone'.
Table of Contents
Dedication ii
Contents vii
List of Illustrations, Maps and Plans ix
Preface xi
Editorial Note xiii
List of Abbreviations xv
RELIGIOUS HISTORY TO 1560
1. FROM THE ROMANS TO THE NORMAN CONQUEST 1
2. THE TWELFTH AND THIRTEENTH CENTURIES 22
3. THE LATER MIDDLE AGES: THE CLERGY 46
4. THE LATER MIDDLE AGES: THE PEOPLE 65
5. THE REFORMATION 91
6. CHRISTIANITY IN MEDIEVAL CORNWALL: CELTIC ASPECTS by OLIVER PADEL 110
RELIGIOUS HOUSES BEFORE 1066 126
RELIGIOUS HOUSES AFTER 1066 136
ST ANTHONY-IN-ROSELAND
Augustinian Priory of St Anthony 136
BODMIN
Minster, later Augustinian Priory 139
Franciscan Friary 155
Hospital of St Anthony 159
Hospital of St George 160
Hospital of St Laurence 160
ST BURYAN
Collegiate Church 163
ST COLUMB MAJOR
Arundell Chantry 171
CRANTOCK
Collegiate Church 173
ST ENDELLION
Prebendal Church 180
ST GERMANS
Minster, later Augustinian Priory 184
HELSTON
Hospital of St John Baptist 192
Hospital of St Mary Magdalene 194
ST KEVERNE
Leper House of 'Nan(s)clegy' 195
ST KEW
Alleged Augustinian House 195
LAMMANA
Benedictine Priory 196
LANLIVERY
Lamford Hospital 200
LAUNCESTON
Minster, later Augustinian Priory 201
Hospital of St Leonard 221
Launceston Almshouse 224
LISKEARD
Hospital of St Mary Magdalene 224
ST MICHAEL PENKEVIL
Collegiate Church 226
ST MICHAEL'S MOUNT
Benedictine Priory, later Chapel 228
MINSTER
Benedictine Priory 240
PENRYN
Glasney Collegiate Church 244
Penryn Almshouse 262
PROBUS
Collegiate, later Prebendal, Church 262
SCILLY
Benedictine Priory 266
ST TEATH
Prebendal Church 270
TEMPLE
Knights Templars' Property 272
TREBEIGH
Knights Hospitallers' Preceptory 273
TREGONY
Augustinian Priory 278
TRURO
Dominican Friary 281
TYWARDREATH
Benedictine Priory 284
ST VEEP
Cluniac Priory of St Carroc 297
VERYAN
'Sheepstall' Leper House 299
UNCERTAIN HOSPITALS AND LEPER COMMUNITIES 300
ANCHORITES AND HERMITS 304
Glossary 307
Bibliography 311
Index 323
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The county of Cornwall, jutting out to the western seas as a long spur, forms part of a narrowing promontory that culminates in a claw, the extremities of which, known as the Land's End and the Lizard, constitute respectively the most westerly and southerly confines of Britain; while the Scillies, yet further to the south-west, stand out of the Atlantic as its islet prolongation.
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